Question

which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms? select all that apply. cytokinesis random fertilization independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis crossing over

Explanation:

• Cytokinesis: This is the process of cell - division (cytoplasmic division) at the end of mitosis or meiosis. It does not contribute to genetic variation as it is just the physical separation of the cell into daughter cells.
• Random fertilization: When gametes (sperm and egg) fuse during fertilization, the combination of genetic material from two different gametes (each with its own unique genetic makeup due to meiosis) leads to genetic variation.
• Independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis: During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and then assort independently. The way one pair of homologous chromosomes aligns and separates does not affect the alignment and separation of other pairs. This leads to a large number of possible combinations of chromosomes in gametes.
• Crossing over: Occurs during prophase I of meiosis. Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material (segments of DNA). This creates new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes.

Answer:

B. random fertilization, C. independent assortment of chromosomes in meiosis, D. crossing over