Question

which molecules causes a hyperosmotic state in muscles cells during the sprint?
a) glycolytic intermediates
b) hydrogen
c) co₂
d) glycogen

Explanation:

During a sprint, muscles rely on glycolysis for energy. Glycolytic intermediates (like glucose - 6 - phosphate, fructose - 6 - phosphate, etc.) accumulate in muscle cells. These molecules increase the solute concentration inside the cells, creating a hyperosmotic state (osmotic pressure higher than the surrounding environment). Hydrogen ions contribute to acidosis, \(CO_2\) is a gas and diffuses out, and glycogen is a storage polymer that doesn't directly cause hyperosmolarity in the same way intermediates do.

Answer:

a) Glycolytic intermediates