Question

1. which layer of earth is the hottest?
2. which layer of earth is the least dense?
3. which two layers of earth act like a liquid?
4. what three evidences did wegner use to hypothesize that the continents were moving?
5. fossil evidence

Explanation:

Question 7:

The Earth's layers include the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The inner core is solid and extremely hot, with temperatures reaching up to about 5,500 - 6,000 °C, making it the hottest layer.

Question 8:

The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is composed mainly of lighter, less dense rocks like granite (continental crust) and basalt (oceanic crust) compared to the mantle and core, so it is the least dense layer.

Question 9:

The outer core is a liquid layer (composed mainly of molten iron and nickel), and the asthenosphere (a part of the upper mantle) is also considered a partially molten, liquid - like layer (it behaves plastically and can flow over geological time scales).

Question 10:

1. Fossil Evidence: Similar fossils of plants and animals (e.g., the Mesosaurus, a freshwater reptile) have been found on continents that are now separated (like South America and Africa), suggesting they were once connected.
2. Geological Structures: The rock formations and mountain ranges on different continents match up. For example, the Appalachian Mountains in North America and the Caledonian Mountains in Europe have similar rock types and structures, indicating they were part of the same mountain range when the continents were joined.
3. Paleoclimatic Evidence: Glacial deposits and striations (scratches on rocks made by glaciers) have been found in regions that are now tropical or temperate (e.g., in India, South America, and Africa). This suggests that these regions were once located near the South Pole where glaciers were common, and have since moved to their current positions.

Answer:

1. The inner core is the hottest layer of the Earth.
2. The crust is the least dense layer of the Earth.
3. The outer core and the asthenosphere (part of the mantle) act like a liquid.
4. Wegener used fossil evidence (similar fossils on separated continents), geological structure evidence (matching rock formations across continents), and paleoclimatic evidence (glacial deposits in non - glacial regions) to hypothesize continental drift.