Question

1. which of the following is not a supreme court ruling that strengthened and protected the rights of u.s. citizens?

• declaring that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in a court of law against an accused criminal
• requiring that a person placed under arrest must be informed of their rights before being interrogated by the police
• declaring the act of flag burning a crime
• requiring that a person accused of a crime must be provided free legal representation in a court of law if they cannot afford to pay for it

Explanation:

• The first option (illegally obtained evidence rule) is from Mapp v. Ohio etc., protecting against unlawful search/seizure, strengthening rights.
• The second option (Miranda rights) from Miranda v. Arizona ensures arrested persons know their rights (like right to counsel, silence), protecting citizens.
• The third option: Flag burning was ruled as protected free speech in Texas v. Johnson; declaring it a crime would restrict First Amendment rights, so it does not strengthen/protect citizen rights.
• The fourth option (right to counsel for indigent defendants) from Gideon v. Wainwright ensures fair trial by providing free legal help, strengthening rights.

Answer:

C. declaring the act of flag burning a crime