Question

which of the following substances is normally not found in urine?
a urea
b ammonia
c glucose
d water
e sodium (na+)

Explanation:

To determine which substance is normally not found in urine, we analyze each option:

• Option A (Urea): Urea is a primary nitrogenous waste product and is normally present in urine.
• Option B (Ammonia): Small amounts of ammonia are normally found in urine as part of the body's nitrogen excretion.
• Option C (Glucose): In a healthy individual, the kidneys reabsorb all filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. So, glucose is normally NOT found in urine.
• Option D (Water): Urine is mostly composed of water, so water is normally present.
• Option E (Sodium, \( \text{Na}^+ \)): Sodium ions are part of the solutes excreted in urine to help maintain electrolyte balance, so they are normally present.

Answer:

C. Glucose