Question

which of the following statements would be supported by both a communist and a utopian socialist?
a. the gains of the industrial revolution should be shared by all members of society.
b. society will shift toward socialist ideals without the need for violent revolution.
c. a government should restrict the number of imports and exports to protect its gold reserves.
d. governments have no right to restrict the actions of businesses or customers.

Explanation:

• Option A:
• Communists believe in a class - less society where the means of production are owned by the community. In the context of the Industrial Revolution, they would advocate that the wealth and benefits (gains) created by industrialization should be for the collective good.
• Utopian socialists also envision a more just society. They aim for a system where resources and the fruits of labor (such as the gains from industrial progress) are distributed more equitably among all members of society.
• Option B:
• Communists, especially Marxist - influenced communists, believe in the necessity of a revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system to establish socialism. Utopian socialists, on the other hand, often hope for a more peaceful transition, but the idea of no - violent revolution is not a common ground for both.
• Option C:
• This is more related to economic policies of protectionism (mercantilist - like ideas in some cases) which is not a core tenet of either communism or utopian socialism. Communism focuses on the means of production and class struggle, and utopian socialism focuses on creating ideal social models, not on gold - reserve - based trade restrictions.
• Option D:
• Communists believe in state control (in the transitional phase to communism) over the means of production and economic activities to a large extent. Utopian socialists also do not advocate for a completely free - market (laissez - faire) approach where the government has no role in economic or social affairs.

Answer:

A. The gains of the Industrial Revolution should be shared by all members of society.