Question

when brandon was young, he got hit repeatedly at home by his parents. he also lived in a neighborhood with high rates of violent crime. as an adult, brandon frequently behaves aggressively and lacks awareness on how to better handle his emotions, carrying out the same behaviors he witnessed growing up. brandons behavior was created through ________.

○ culture of honor
○ observational learning
○ aversive stimuli
○ reinforcement

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• "Culture of honor" relates to defending reputation, not matching Brandon’s case.
• "Observational learning" (from Bandura’s theory) involves learning by watching others. Brandon witnessed aggressive behaviors (from parents, neighborhood) and replicated them as an adult, fitting this.
• "Aversive stimuli" are unpleasant events triggering responses, but this focuses on learning via observation, not just stimuli.
• "Reinforcement" involves consequences shaping behavior, but Brandon’s behavior comes from observation, not rewards/punishments for his own actions.

Answer:

B. observational learning