Question

what did the sumer, aztec, and inca civilizations have in common?
a. strong agricultural systems
b. large naval forces
c. alphabetic writing
d. monotheistic religion

Explanation:

The Sumerian, Indus (Harappan), and Egyptian civilizations are ancient societies. Sumer had cuneiform, Egypt had hieroglyphics, and Indus script (though undeciphered) shows writing systems. However, more critically, they all developed strong agricultural systems to support urbanization and population. Option A (Strong agricultural systems) is correct as agriculture was fundamental for their settlements, surplus production, and societal development. Large naval forces (B) aren't characteristic (Indus had limited naval, Sumer focused on river transport, Egypt had riverine but not large naval). Alphabetic writing (C) – Sumer had cuneiform (logographic), Egypt hieroglyphics (logographic/syllabic), Indus script undeciphered, so no alphabetic. Monotheistic religion (D) – they were polytheistic.

Answer:

A. Strong agricultural systems