Question

what is one example of cavours helping the cause of italian unification? cavour worked secretly with the pope to overthrow victor emmanuel. cavour worked secretly with garibaldi to establish a republic in southern italy. cavour worked secretly with the spanish to push the french out of sardinia. cavour worked secretly with the french to push austria out of northern italy.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: Cavour supported Victor Emmanuel, not overthrowing him. So this is incorrect.
• Option 2: Cavour and Garibaldi had different goals (Cavour for monarchy under Emmanuel, Garibaldi for republic initially but later aligned with unification). However, Cavour did work with Garibaldi's efforts in southern Italy's unification (though Garibaldi's initial aim was republic, the result helped unification). But let's check other options.
• Option 3: Cavour's efforts were against Austria, not related to Spanish and French in Sardinia in this way. Incorrect.
• Option 4: Cavour (Prime Minister of Sardinia) made a secret alliance with Napoleon III of France to fight Austria (which controlled northern Italy). This led to the Austro - Sardinian War, pushing Austria out of northern Italy, a key step in Italian unification. This is correct. Wait, but earlier thought on option 2? Wait, no—Garibaldi's southern campaign was more independent, and Cavour's main northern effort was with France against Austria. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Let's re - evaluate:

Wait, the option "Cavour worked secretly with the French to push Austria out of northern Italy" is correct. Because Cavour's diplomatic and military alliance with France (Napoleon III) led to the war against Austria, which resulted in Austria losing control of Lombardy (part of northern Italy), a crucial step.

The option about Garibaldi: Cavour didn't work "secretly" with Garibaldi to establish a republic. Garibaldi's expedition to Sicily and Naples was to liberate them, and later he handed over the southern states to Victor Emmanuel, unifying north and south. Cavour's role was more in the north with France. So the correct option is the one about working with French to push Austria out of northern Italy.

Answer:

D. Cavour worked secretly with the French to push Austria out of northern Italy. (Note: Assuming the options are labeled A - D in order, the last option is the correct one.)