Question

1. what modern method of study can trace the evolutionary relatedness of organisms by comparing the nucleotide sequences on dna?

a. phylogeny
b. molecular clocks
c. cladograms
d. classification

1. which of the following statements about taxonomy systems is false?

a. phylogeny and the linnaean system give us the same results.
b. the hierarchical classification and the linnaean system give us the same results.
c. the phylogeny system traces organisms according to their evolutionary history.
d. the hierarchical classification system is the basis for taxonomic classification.

1. in a cladogram-

a. the most ancient organisms, called the origin, are found at the very base of the tree diagram.
b. the closer the branch point is to an organism, the more distantly related those organisms are.
c. neither a nor b is true.
d. both a and b are true

Explanation:

Question 4

• Option A: Phylogeny studies evolutionary relationships, but not specifically by DNA nucleotide sequences comparison.
• Option B: Molecular clocks use DNA (or protein) sequence differences to estimate evolutionary time and relatedness, matching the description.
• Option C: Cladograms are diagrams showing relationships, not the method of comparing DNA sequences.
• Option D: Classification is the grouping of organisms, not a method for tracing relatedness via DNA.

• Option A: Phylogeny is based on evolutionary history (including molecular data), while the Linnaean system is based on physical/structural traits. They don't always give the same results, so this statement is false.
• Option B: Hierarchical classification is similar to the Linnaean system (kingdom, phylum, etc.), so they give similar results.
• Option C: Phylogeny does trace organisms by evolutionary history, this is true.
• Option D: Hierarchical classification is the basis for taxonomic classification (e.g., Linnaean hierarchy), this is true.

• Option A: In a cladogram, the base represents the most ancient (common ancestor) organisms, this is true.
• Option B: The closer the branch point (node) to an organism, the more recently they shared a common ancestor, meaning they are more closely related (not distantly). So this statement is false.
• Since A is true and B is false, only A is correct.

Answer:

B. Molecular clocks

Question 5