Question

what happens when heat is removed from water?
the water particles move farther apart.
the water changes from a liquid to a gas.
the temperature of the water increases.
the kinetic energy of the water particles decreases.

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze the effect of heat removal on water particles

When heat is removed from water, the thermal energy of the water particles is reduced.

Step2: Relate thermal energy to kinetic energy

Thermal energy is related to the kinetic energy of particles. A decrease in thermal energy means a decrease in the kinetic energy of the water particles.

Step3: Evaluate each option

• Option 1: When heat is removed, particles move closer (not farther apart) as they have less energy to overcome intermolecular forces.
• Option 2: Changing from liquid to gas (evaporation/vaporization) requires heat input (endothermic process), not heat removal.
• Option 3: Removing heat lowers the temperature (as temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy of particles), not increases it.
• Option 4: As explained in Step 2, when heat (thermal energy) is removed, kinetic energy of particles decreases.

Answer:

The kinetic energy of the water particles decreases.