Question

what event brought about the advent of feudalism in medieval europe?
the division of lands between charlemagnes grandsons
the establishment of duchies in wales and england
a papal decree enforced by the vatican church

Explanation:

After Charlemagne's death, his empire faced instability. The division of lands among his grandsons (as per the Treaty of Verdun in 843) led to a fragmented political landscape. Local lords needed to provide protection and governance, which contributed to the rise of feudalism - a system where land was held in exchange for service. The other options (establishment of duchies in specific regions not being the main cause, papal decrees not directly tied to feudalism's advent in this context) are less relevant to the broad - scale advent of feudalism in medieval Europe.

Answer:

the division of lands between Charlemagne's grandsons