Question

the us constitution limits the power of the executive branch through
congress and the supreme court
the articles of confederation
the three-fifths compromise
the armed forces

Explanation:

The US Constitution has a system of checks and balances. Congress (legislative branch) can pass laws, override vetoes, and has budgetary powers. The Supreme Court (judicial branch) can declare executive actions unconstitutional. The Articles of Confederation was the predecessor to the Constitution. The Three - Fifths Compromise was about counting enslaved people for representation. The armed forces are under the executive's command (though Congress has power over declaring war etc., but not the main limit here as per the question).

Answer:

Congress and the Supreme Court.