Question

unit 1: instruction sequence 2 sc.912.l.1.18.1 describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules. students will generally be able to identify the basic molecular structure and describe the primary function of macromolecules in organisms. 1 fill in the blank 8 points complete the table below. macromolecule carbohydrates lipids protein nucleic acid functions short term energy long term energy cell membranes steroids energy transfer enzymes genetic information enzymes elements and monomer/polymer cho ratio: 2:1 h:o cho ratio: more than 2:1 h:o chon chonp

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates have elements CHO, monomer/polymer with ratio 2:1 (H:O) for short - term energy. The monomer of carbohydrates is monosaccharide (e.g., glucose), and polymer is polysaccharide (e.g., starch, glycogen). So for the "Monomer/Polymer" column under Carbohydrates, the monomer is monosaccharide and polymer is polysaccharide. And the function "Short Term Energy" is correct as carbohydrates are used for quick energy.

Step2: Analyze Lipids

Lipids have elements CHO, with H:O ratio more than 2:1. For the "Monomer/Polymer" column, lipids are not true polymers, but their building blocks are fatty acids and glycerol. Functions: "Long Term Energy" (fats store energy long - term), "Cell Membranes" (phospholipids are in cell membranes), "Steroids" (like cholesterol, hormones).

Step3: Analyze Protein

Proteins have elements CHON. The monomer is amino acid, polymer is polypeptide/protein. Functions: "Enzymes" (many enzymes are proteins), "Energy Transfer" (e.g., hemoglobin for oxygen transfer, but also can be used for energy in emergencies), and enzymes (catalytic function).

Step4: Analyze Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acids have elements CHONP. The monomer is nucleotide, polymer is DNA/RNA. Functions: "Genetic Information" (DNA stores genetic info, RNA is involved in protein synthesis), and "Enzymes" (some RNA molecules like ribozymes are enzymes).

Now filling the table:

Carbohydrates:

• Monomer/Polymer: Monosaccharide (monomer), Polysaccharide (polymer)
• Functions: Short Term Energy (correct as is)
• Elements and Monomer/Polymer: CHO, Ratio 2:1 (H:O), Monosaccharide/Polysaccharide

Lipids:

• Monomer/Polymer: Fatty Acids and Glycerol (not a true polymer, but building blocks)
• Functions: Long Term Energy, Cell Membranes, Steroids (all correct as is)
• Elements and Monomer/Polymer: CHO, Ratio more than 2:1 (H:O), Fatty Acids & Glycerol

Protein:

• Monomer/Polymer: Amino Acid/Polypeptide (Protein)
• Functions: Enzymes, Energy Transfer (correct as is)
• Elements and Monomer/Polymer: CHON, Amino Acid/Polypeptide

Nucleic Acid:

• Monomer/Polymer: Nucleotide/DNA (or RNA)
• Functions: Genetic Information, Enzymes (correct as is)
• Elements and Monomer/Polymer: CHONP, Nucleotide/DNA (or RNA)

Answer:

The filled table (key parts):

Macromolecule	Functions	Elements and Monomer/Polymer
Lipids	Long Term Energy, Cell Membranes, Steroids	CHO, Ratio more than 2:1 (H:O), Fatty Acids & Glycerol
Protein	Enzymes, Energy Transfer	CHON, Amino Acid/Polypeptide
Nucleic Acid	Genetic Information, Enzymes	CHONP, Nucleotide/DNA (or RNA)