Question

unit 2a: nervous system study guide

1. compare and contrast nervous and endocrine systems.

a. similarity:
b. difference:

1. label the neuron below.
2. draw an arrow to illustrate the path of the action potential.
3. write the part of the neuron that is described.

a. chemical that transmits action potential to next neuron
b. electrically insulates axon, protects, and increases the speed of \signal\
c. houses and protects organelles
d. name of the electrochemical signals
e. receive signals from other neurons
f. releases neurotransmitters to communicate with next neuron
g. structure that transmits action potential towards the next neuron

Explanation:

1. Similarity between nervous and endocrine systems: Both are regulatory systems in the body. They help maintain homeostasis by communicating information. The nervous system uses electrical and chemical signals (neurotransmitters), while the endocrine system uses hormones released into the bloodstream.
2. Difference between nervous and endocrine systems: The nervous system has rapid - acting, short - lived responses as nerve impulses travel quickly. The endocrine system has slower - acting, long - lasting responses as hormones are transported via the blood and may have effects that persist for a long time.
3. Labeling the neuron:

• A: Dendrites (receive signals from other neurons).
• B: Cell body (houses and protects organelles).
• C: Nucleus (part of the cell body, contains genetic material).
• D: Myelin sheath (electrically insulates axon, protects, and increases the speed of "signal").
• E: Axon (transmits action potential towards the next neuron).
• F: Axon terminals (releases neurotransmitters to communicate with next neuron).

1. Path of the action potential: It travels from dendrites to the cell body, then down the axon to the axon terminals.
2. Parts of the neuron based on description:

• a. Neurotransmitter (chemical that transmits action potential to next neuron).
• b. Myelin sheath (electrically insulates axon, protects, and increases the speed of "signal").
• c. Cell body (houses and protects organelles).
• d. Action potential (name of the electrochemical signals).
• e. Dendrites (receive signals from other neurons).
• f. Axon terminals (releases neurotransmitters to communicate with next neuron).
• g. Axon (structure that transmits action potential towards the next neuron).

Answer:

1. a. Both are regulatory systems for homeostasis.

b. Nervous system is rapid - short - lived, endocrine is slow - long - lasting.

1. A. Dendrites

B. Cell body
C. Nucleus
D. Myelin sheath
E. Axon
F. Axon terminals

1. From dendrites → cell body → axon → axon terminals.
2. a. Neurotransmitter

b. Myelin sheath
c. Cell body
d. Action potential
e. Dendrites
f. Axon terminals
g. Axon