Question

types of evolution
directions: read each description below and choose which of the four types of evolution it is by placing an x
under the correct answer for each description.
for convergent evolution and divergent evolution only, use the key to record if the scenario is
describing a homologous, vestigial, or analogous structure. record in the box under the \x\.
h = homologous structure v = vestigial structure a = analogous structure
1 in the ocean surrounding antarctica, there
are fish that survive the cold water by using
a molecule made of glycoproteins that
circulates the blood and keeps it from
freezing. certain kinds of worms that live in
the arctic ocean also make antifreeze
proteins that help them live in icy water.
2 horse evolution shows long stable periods of
little evolution interrupted by brief periods
of rapid change.
3 hummingbirds have a beak just the right
length to reach the nectar in a cardinal
flower and as they feed their foreheads
bump into the pollen structure. cardinal
flowers are red which hummingbirds can see
but bees cant. cardinal flowers pollen
structure is just the right length for the
hummingbird to pick up pollen as it feeds.
4 ostriches are native to the savannahs of
africa, while penguins live in the polar
regions. although ostriches and penguins
are closely - related, they look very different
5 the galloti atlantica and galloti galloti
lizards evolved through natural selection
from a common ancestor into a wide variety
of different looking lizards.
6 whales, sharks, and penguins all have
streamlined bodies and fins/flippers for
moving in water even though they belong in
different classes of animals (mammals, fish,
and birds).

Explanation:

1. Convergent evolution (A - analogous structure):

• Different species (fish and worms) in similar cold - water environments develop similar traits (anti - freezing molecules) independently. Analogous structures are traits that have similar functions but different evolutionary origins.

1. Punctuated equilibrium:

• The description of long stable periods (stasis) interrupted by brief periods of rapid change matches the concept of punctuated equilibrium.

1. Coevolution:

• Hummingbirds and cardinal flowers have a mutualistic relationship where they evolve in response to each other. The flower's structure (nectar length, pollen structure) and the hummingbird's beak length are related in a co - evolutionary manner.

1. Divergent evolution (H - homologous structure):

• Ostriches and penguins are closely related (share a common ancestor), so their traits are homologous. Divergent evolution occurs when related species evolve different traits as they adapt to different environments (savannahs vs polar regions).

1. Divergent evolution:

• Galloti atlantic and Galloti galloti evolved from a common ancestor into different forms through natural selection, which is characteristic of divergent evolution.

1. Convergent evolution (A - analogous structure):

• Whales (mammals), sharks (fish), and penguins (birds) are from different classes but have similar streamlined bodies and fins/flippers for moving in water. These are analogous structures as they evolved independently for the same function (aquatic locomotion).

Answer:

1. Convergent evolution (A)
2. Punctuated equilibrium
3. Coevolution
4. Divergent evolution (H)
5. Divergent evolution
6. Convergent evolution (A)