Question

true thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by anterior and middle scalene muscle hypertonicity. true false

Explanation:

True Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is typically associated with anatomical abnormalities like cervical ribs or fibrous bands, not anterior and middle scalene muscle hypertonicity. Scalene muscle issues are more linked to neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome subtypes but not the "true" form which has specific vascular - related etiologies in classic understanding.

Answer:

False