Question

transcription and translation: use the picture to answer the questions 13 - 15.

1. describe what is forming and happening in area a of the diagram. include the name of this process and the key players.
2. describe what is being gathered and happening in area b of the diagram.
3. describe what is being assembled and happening in area c of the diagram. include the name of this process and the key players.
4. if a section of code contains 12 bases, how many codons would there be?
5. if a section of code contains 7 codons, how many amino acids would there be?
6. which mrna codon will start the process of translation?
7. which amino acid does every protein begin with?
8. which mrna codons will end the process of translation?
9. what bond is formed between amino acids to make a protein?

Explanation:

• Question 13: In area A (nucleus), transcription is occurring. DNA serves as a template to form mRNA. Key players are DNA, RNA polymerase, and nucleotides.
• Question 14: In area B, tRNAs with attached amino acids (like lysine, proline, leucine, glycine) are gathered.
• Question 15: In area C (ribosome), translation is happening. mRNA is used as a template, tRNAs bring amino acids, and a polypeptide chain (protein) is assembled. Key players are mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, and amino acids.
• Question 16: Since each codon has 3 bases, if there are 12 bases, the number of codons is \(12\div3 = 4\).
• Question 17: Each codon (except stop codons in most cases) codes for one amino acid. So if there are 7 codons, there are 7 amino acids.
• Question 18: The mRNA codon that starts translation is AUG.
• Question 19: Every protein begins with methionine (in eukaryotes, in prokaryotes it can be form - methionine, but generally in basic biology contexts, it's methionine).
• Question 20: The mRNA codons that end translation are UAA, UAG, and UGA.
• Question 21: Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids to make a protein.

Answer:

1. Transcription is forming mRNA from DNA. Key players: DNA, RNA polymerase, nucleotides.
2. t - RNAs with attached amino acids (lysine, proline, leucine, glycine) are gathered.
3. Translation is assembling a polypeptide (protein). Key players: mRNA, tRNA, ribosome, amino acids.
4. 4
5. 7
6. AUG
7. Methionine
8. UAA, UAG, UGA
9. Peptide bond