Question

transcription and translation: use the picture to answer the questions 13 - 15.

1. describe what is forming and happening in area a of the diagram. include the name of this process and the key players.
2. describe what is being gathered and happening in area b of the diagram.
3. describe what is being assembled and happening in area c of the diagram. include the name of this process and the key players.
4. if a section of code contains 12 bases, how many codons would there be?
5. if a section of code contains 7 codons, how many amino acids would there be?
6. which mrna codon will start the process of translation?
7. which amino acid does every protein begin with?
8. which mrna codons will end the process of translation?
9. what bond is formed between amino acids to make a protein?

Explanation:

1. In Area A, mRNA is forming through transcription. DNA serves as the template, and RNA polymerase is the key enzyme.
2. In Area B, tRNAs (with attached amino acids) are being gathered.
3. In Area C, a polypeptide (protein) is being assembled through translation. mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes are the key players.
4. Since each codon has 3 bases, \(12\div3 = 4\) codons.
5. Each codon (except stop codons which don't code for amino acids in this context) codes for one amino acid, so 7 codons code for 7 amino acids.
6. The start codon for translation is AUG.
7. Every protein begins with methionine (the amino acid coded by AUG).
8. The stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) end translation.
9. Peptide bonds are formed between amino acids to make a protein.

Answer:

1. mRNA is forming via transcription. Key players: DNA (template), RNA polymerase.
2. tRNAs (with amino acids) are gathered.
3. Polypeptide (protein) is assembled via translation. Key players: mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes.
4. 4 codons.
5. 7 amino acids.
6. AUG.
7. Methionine.
8. UAA, UAG, UGA.
9. Peptide bond.