Question

today, scientists can figure out how you get your traits from your parents. they can even predict the chances of you having a specific trait or getting a certain disease based on your family history. but how did they learn all this? to understand how traits are passed down, we need to go back to the 1800s and a guy named gregor mendel.
mendel was a monk and scientist who loved to work with plants. by carefully breeding pea plants in his garden, he discovered the rules of heredity. in one of his most famous experiments, mendel crossed a purebred yellow - pea plant with a purebred green - pea plant. all the offspring had yellow peas! he called yellow the \dominant\ trait because it always showed up.
then, mendel let the yellow offspring plants reproduce with themselves. this time, some of the peas were yellow, and some were green! this meant the green trait was hidden by the dominant yellow trait. he called this hidden trait
ecessive.\
from these results, mendel figured out that each trait is controlled by two factors, one from the mother and one from the father. we now know these factors are called \alleles,\ and they represent different versions of a gene.
depending on which alleles a pea plant has, it can be either \homozygous\ (both alleles are the same) or \heterozygous\ (the alleles are different). the combination of alleles is called the \genotype,\ and the actual trait that shows up (like yellow or green peas) is called the \phenotype.\

Explanation:

The text describes Mendel's experiments with pea plants, which led to the discovery of heredity rules. It explains dominant (yellow) and recessive (green) traits, alleles (gene versions), homozygous/heterozygous genotypes, and phenotypes.

Answer:

The text details Mendel's work on heredity, including trait dominance/recessiveness, alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes.