text 1
the nice model proposes that the giant planets of our solar system (jupiter, saturn, uranus, and neptune) initially formed much closer together than their current positions. according to the model, around 3.9 billion years ago, a gravitational instability caused these planets to migrate to their current, more widely spaced orbits. the timing of this migration is supported by evidence from lunar rocks and the cratering record of the inner solar system.

text 2
recent research by mojzsis and brasser calls into question the nice model’s timeline of giant planet migration. based on computer simulations and on their analyses of ancient meteorites, mojzsis and brasser claim that giant planet migration likely occurred much earlier, around 4.48 billion years ago, shortly after the planets formed.

based on the texts, how would mozjsis and brassers (text 2) most likely respond to the theory discussed in text 1?

choose 1 answer:
a by arguing that the great planet migration was not actually caused by a gravitational instability
b by disputing the idea that the great planets initially formed closer together than their current positions
c by claiming that the great planet migration occurred earlier than the theory proposes
d by asserting that the lunar rock evidence and cratering record of the inner solar system are not reliable sources of evidence

Question

text 1
the nice model proposes that the giant planets of our solar system (jupiter, saturn, uranus, and neptune) initially formed much closer together than their current positions. according to the model, around 3.9 billion years ago, a gravitational instability caused these planets to migrate to their current, more widely spaced orbits. the timing of this migration is supported by evidence from lunar rocks and the cratering record of the inner solar system.

text 2
recent research by mojzsis and brasser calls into question the nice model’s timeline of giant planet migration. based on computer simulations and on their analyses of ancient meteorites, mojzsis and brasser claim that giant planet migration likely occurred much earlier, around 4.48 billion years ago, shortly after the planets formed.

based on the texts, how would mozjsis and brassers (text 2) most likely respond to the theory discussed in text 1?

choose 1 answer:
a by arguing that the great planet migration was not actually caused by a gravitational instability
b by disputing the idea that the great planets initially formed closer together than their current positions
c by claiming that the great planet migration occurred earlier than the theory proposes
d by asserting that the lunar rock evidence and cratering record of the inner solar system are not reliable sources of evidence

Accepted Answer

# Brief Explanations:
- Text 1 says the giant planet migration happened around 3.9 billion years ago. Text 2 (Mojzsis and Brasser) claims it happened around 4.48 billion years ago, which is earlier than Text 1's proposed timeline.
- Option A: Text 2 doesn't discuss the cause (gravitational instability) of migration, so A is incorrect.
- Option B: Text 2 doesn't dispute the initial formation proximity of the giant planets, so B is incorrect.
- Option C: Matches the difference in the migration timeline (Text 2's claim is earlier than Text 1's theory), so C is correct.
- Option D: Text 2 doesn't comment on the reliability of lunar rock and cratering record evidence, so D is incorrect.

# Answer:
C. By claiming that the great planet migration occurred earlier than the theory proposes

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