Question

text-dependent questions
directions: for the following questions, choose the best answer or respond in complete sentences.

1. which two central ideas are developed throughout the text?

a. social mobility is an effective motivator for students who struggle to obtain good grades in school.
b. social mobility is determined by ones ability to travel to new places in order to learn about different cultures.
c. the idea that working hard and achieving high standards in education will guarantee social mobility is flawed.
d. in an increasingly globalized economy, education will play a less significant role than ones connections or relationships.
e. governments should pursue a variety of policy options in addition to investing in education to ensure equitable outcomes.
f. achieving high standards in education increases the likelihood of social mobility regardless of the country in which one lives.

1. how do paragraphs 1-2 help engage readers with the authors argument?

a. they introduce a widely accepted narrative in education and challenge it with thought-provoking questions.
b. they describe ideas about economic advancement from fictional literature and criticize the effects of these ideas.
c. they explain what research has confirmed about social mobility and the past studies that led to these conclusions.
d. they provide information about the authors educational and income backgrounds and how they affect their research.

1. according to the text, what are the benefits of international benchmarks like the piaac and pisa?

a. they measure students education levels in comparison with their parents education levels.
b. they compare the education levels of international leaders to the strength of their countries economies.
c. they identify which public policies create the greatest impact on income inequality in different countries.
d. they assess educational performance globally, which allows policymakers to identify areas for improvement.

Explanation:

To solve these text - dependent questions, we need to analyze each question based on the context of the text (which is about social mobility and education, falling under the Social Science discipline, specifically Education and Sociology sub - fields).

Question 1

We need to find two central ideas. Let's analyze each option:

• Option A: There's no indication that social mobility is a motivator for struggling students. Eliminate.
• Option B: Social mobility is not about traveling to learn cultures. Eliminate.
• Option C: This option challenges the idea that hard work and high education standards guarantee social mobility, which is a common theme in texts about social mobility and education.
• Option D: The text doesn't say education plays a less significant role than connections. Eliminate.
• Option E: It makes sense that governments should use other policies along with education for equitable outcomes, related to social mobility and education.
• Option F: The text doesn't support that high education standards increase social mobility regardless of the country. Eliminate.

So the two central ideas are C and E.

Question 2

We analyze how paragraphs 1 - 2 engage readers:

• Option A: Introducing a widely accepted narrative (like the idea that education guarantees social mobility) and then challenging it with questions is a common way to engage readers. This is a likely correct option.
• Option B: The paragraphs don't describe ideas from fictional literature. Eliminate.
• Option C: Paragraphs 1 - 2 are more about introducing a narrative rather than explaining research conclusions. Eliminate.
• Option D: The paragraphs don't provide the authors' educational and income backgrounds. Eliminate.

So the answer is A.

Question 3

We analyze the benefits of international benchmarks like PIAAC and PISA:

• Option A: These benchmarks don't measure students' education levels against their parents'. Eliminate.
• Option B: They don't compare international leaders' education levels to their countries' economies. Eliminate.
• Option C: They don't identify public policies' impact on income inequality. Eliminate.
• Option D: International benchmarks like PIAAC and PISA assess educational performance globally, helping policymakers find areas to improve. This is correct.

So the answer is D.

Question 1

To determine the two central ideas, we analyze each option. Option C challenges the flawed idea that education guarantees social mobility. Option E suggests governments use other policies with education for equity, both related to social mobility and education. Other options are inconsistent with typical text themes on this topic.

For how paragraphs 1 - 2 engage readers, Option A is correct. They introduce a common education - related narrative (education - social mobility link) and challenge it with questions, a typical engagement method. Other options (fictional literature, research conclusions, author backgrounds) don't match the paragraphs' purpose.

Regarding PIAAC and PISA benefits, Option D is correct. These benchmarks assess global educational performance, enabling policymakers to find improvement areas. Other options (parent - student comparison, leader - economy comparison, policy - inequality link) are not what these benchmarks do.

Answer:

C. The idea that working hard and achieving high standards in education will guarantee social mobility is flawed. ; E. Governments should pursue a variety of policy options in addition to investing in education to ensure equitable outcomes.

Question 2