Question

reincarnation is the belief that, when a person dies, his or her soul is born again in a new body. after being purified in a number of existences, the soul is finally released from this earth and becomes one with the soul of brahman.
a hindus life, is an attempt to achieve oneness with brahman. this is done by obedience to the moral law (dharma), which involves self - knowledge, productive labor, and strict dedication to the rituals and duties of family, occupation, and caste. in short, one has to be the best brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya, sutra, or outcast (refer to caste triangle above) that one can be in order to progress to a higher caste.
progress is governed by karma, the force of ones past life. if one has lived properly in a past life, then one may find oneself reborn in a higher caste. eventually, if a person continues to live well, she or he will be reborn as a brahmin. when one has lived life perfectly as a brahmin, ones soul will be freed. if, on the other hand, one does not live a righteous life, that person risks being reincarnated into a lower caste or, even worse, as an animal. ones social rank in life, then, reflects ones past lives.

• how does one advanced in the hindu caste system?

Explanation:

The text explains that in the Hindu Caste system, progress is governed by karma. One can advance by living a proper life (obeying dharma - self - knowledge, productive labor, dedication to rituals/duties of family, occupation, caste). Good past - life living (karma) can lead to rebirth in a higher caste. Eventually, perfect living as a Brahmin frees the soul. Bad living risks lower - caste or animal reincarnation.

Answer:

One advances in the Hindu Caste system by living a proper life (obeying dharma: self - knowledge, productive labor, dedication to family/occupation/caste rituals/duties) which is governed by karma. Good past - life actions (karma) can result in rebirth in a higher caste. Continued good living can lead to rebirth as a Brahmin and eventually soul freedom. Bad living risks lower - caste or animal reincarnation.