Question

read the selection from the section \the high enlightenment: 1730 - 1780.\christians sought to reposition their faith along the lines of reason, while deists and atheists argued that the universe seemed to determine its own course without gods help. deists are people who believe that god exists but also that god doesnt interfere in the world, so are skeptical of miracles and organized religion. secret societies - the freemasons, the bavarian illuminati, the rosicrucians - flourished as well. these societies offered european men, and a few women, new modes of fellowship and mutual assistance.which idea is best supported by this selection?(a) enlightenment ideas became an important part of many peoples private beliefs and social lives.(b) the enlightenment caused conflicts between christians and atheists that had not existed before.(c) most members of secret societies that formed during the period of the enlightenment were deists.(d) the freemasons and the rosicrucians were the first groups to believe in the equality of all people.why did the author introduce the thinkers of the 1500s and 1600s before discussing the ideas of the enlightenment?(a) to provide background information about the ideas and discoveries that inspired enlightenment thinkers(b) to teach concepts of math and philosophy the reader must know before reading about the enlightenment(c) to suggest that the new ideas of that period were more important and frequent than in the enlightenment(d) to demonstrate that the dates usually given for the beginning of the enlightenment in europe are incorrecthow does the article develop the idea that the enlightenment had profound and lasting effects?(a) by analyzing the presence of its ideas in modern american and french legal and social systems(b) by outlining the differences between enlightenment thinkers in different countries across europe(c) by emphasizing its role in the american and french revolutions as well as later philosophical movements(d) by illustrating its acceptance by even european despots who sought to modernize their countriesaccording to the article, enlightenment thinkers valued drawing ones own conclusions based on objective observations of the world around them. which selection from the article best supports the idea outlined above?(a) the changes that came about were part of a movement called the age of reason, or simply the enlightenment. enlightenment thinkers in britain, france and the rest of europe questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through change based on reason.(b) this period also saw many discoveries in astronomy and mathematics thanks to the leaders of the scientific revolution, galileo galilei, johannes kepler and gottfried leibniz. the scientific revolution was a period that started before the enlightenment and laid the groundwork for modern science.(c) in the span of three years, the physicist isaac newton published his \principia mathematica\ (1686) and the philosopher john locke published his \essay concerning human understanding\ (1689). these two works provided the scientific, mathematical and philosophical toolkit for the enlightenments major advances.(d) locke argued that human nature was changeable. he also argued that knowledge was gained through accumulated experience rather than by accessing some sort of outside truth. newtons calculus and optical (the science of light and seeing) theories provided the powerful enlightenment metaphors for precisely measured change and illumination.

Explanation:

• First Question: The text mentions Christians repositioning faith with reason, deists/atheists' views, and secret societies offering fellowship. This shows Enlightenment ideas in private beliefs (religious views) and social lives (secret societies).
• Second Question: Introducing 1500s - 1600s thinkers (like those in the Scientific Revolution) before Enlightenment thinkers provides background on ideas (e.g., scientific discoveries) that inspired Enlightenment thinkers.
• Third Question: Analyzing the presence of Enlightenment ideas in modern American and French legal and social systems (implied by the text's focus on long - term impacts) shows profound and lasting effects.
• Fourth Question: Locke's argument that knowledge is gained through accumulated experience (from objective observations) and Newton's scientific work (based on observations) support the idea of drawing conclusions from objective observations.

Answer:

1. A. Enlightenment ideas became an important part of many people's private beliefs and social lives.
2. A. to provide background information about the ideas and discoveries that inspired Enlightenment thinkers
3. A. by analyzing the presence of its ideas in modern American and French legal and social systems
4. D. Locke argued that human nature was changeable. He also argued that knowledge was gained through accumulated experience rather than by accessing some sort of outside truth. Newton's calculus and optical (the science of light and seeing) theories provided the powerful Enlightenment metaphors for precisely measured change and illumination.