Question

read this! as the newer colonizers begin to take over, animals will also begin to appear so they can feed on the more diverse food source. the pioneer plants die and decompose and the animals leave behind manure. both add to the thin soil layer. 1. what effect will the addition of animal waste and decayed plant matter have on the soil and land? 2. how will grazing animals help plants to become established? 3. how will the grazing animals prevent or control further colonization by other plants?

Explanation:

1. Animal waste and decayed plant matter add nutrients to the soil, enriching it and making it more fertile for plant growth. This can also contribute to soil - structure improvement and may support a more diverse ecosystem on the land.
2. Grazing animals can help plants become established by reducing competition from other plants through consuming them. Their trampling can also break up soil crusts, allowing seeds to reach the soil and germinate. Additionally, their manure provides nutrients for plant growth.
3. Grazing animals can prevent or control further colonization by other plants by consuming seedlings and young plants, thus reducing competition for the existing plants. They can also trample on plants, physically destroying them and limiting their spread.

Answer:

1. Enrich the soil with nutrients and improve soil - structure, support a more diverse ecosystem.
2. Reduce competition, break up soil crusts, provide nutrients through manure.
3. Consume seedlings and young plants, trample on plants to limit spread.