Question

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studies show that when humans clear forests or build cities and farms, they break up natural habitats. this is called habitat loss and fragmentation. in tropical rainforests, fragmentation lowers the number of species and changes how they interact. this can cause some species to go extinct and reduce genetic diversity within populations.
based on this information, how do habitat loss and fragmentation affect biodiversity, especially in tropical rainforests?
they increase species diversity as the remaining species adapt to smaller areas.
they reduce the number of species, but dont affect genetic diversity because isolation increases.
they mainly hurt big animals like mammals and birds, while small species do better because theres less competition.
they lower species diversity, cause local extinctions, and reduce genetic diversity in populations.

Explanation:

The text states that fragmentation in tropical rainforests lowers the number of species (reduces species diversity), can cause some species to go extinct (local extinctions), and reduces genetic diversity within populations.

Answer:

They lower species diversity, cause local extinctions, and reduce genetic diversity in populations.