Question

(this question refers to pages 261 - 263) based on the passage, why did bismarck deliberately create tension with france before the franco - prussian war? 4 points he wanted to expand prussian territory into southern germany. he believed a french threat would unite the southern german states behind prussia. he hoped the conflict would force austria to return venetia. he needed to weaken the prussian parliament to maintain political control. (this question comes from pages 376 - 379) according to the passage, what event most directly forced japan to open its ports to foreign trade? 4 points the expansion of european influence in china the arrival of commodore perrys fleet in tokyo harbor the collapse of the tokugawa shogunate japans desire to industrialize and modernize

Explanation:

For the first question: Bismarck's strategy was to use external threat (France) to unify the German states. Southern German states had some differences with Prussia. A French threat would make them rally behind Prussia.
For the second question: Commodore Perry's fleet arrival in Tokyo Harbor (1853 - 1854) with gun - boat diplomacy forced Japan to open its ports. The Convention of Kanagawa (1854) was a result of this, which started the process of Japan opening to foreign trade.

Answer:

1. He believed a French threat would unite the southern German states behind Prussia.
2. The arrival of Commodore Perry’s fleet in Tokyo Harbor.