Question

question 53
1 pts
\baby face/youve got the cutest little baby face.\ did the writer of this refrain get it right?
yes. a preference for youthful faces appears to be universal.
sort of. youthfulness is seen as attractive in a female face, but not in a male face.
no. research finds no particular preference for youthful faces
sort of. the preference for youthful faces in found in western cultures, but not in other cultures
question 54
1 pts
which of the following statements is true regarding aggression?
we have pent-up aggression that needs to be released on a regular basis
we have very little influence over our own aggressive behavior.
there is evidence for a genetic contribution to aggression
on average, watching violent shows on tv does not influence children
question 55
1 pts
with respect to its scientific evaluation, the notion of catharsis
remains to be tested empirically
has a picture of mixed empirical support
has found moderate support in empirical research

Explanation:

Question 53

To determine the correct answer, we analyze the options based on psychological research about facial attractiveness. Research in psychology shows that a preference for youthful (baby - like) faces is a universal trait across different cultures and for both genders to some extent, as youthful features are associated with health and fertility cues.

• Option 1: "Yes. A preference for youthful faces appears to be universal." This aligns with the research findings.
• Option 2: The idea that youthfulness is only attractive in female faces is incorrect as youthful features are also preferred in male faces (e.g., signs of health and vitality).
• Option 3: Research does find a preference for youthful faces, so this is wrong.
• Option 4: The preference is not limited to Western cultures; it is universal, so this is incorrect.

We evaluate each option based on psychological research on aggression:

• Option 1: The "catharsis" idea that we have pent - up aggression to release is not supported by research. Aggression does not work this way.
• Option 2: We do have influence over our aggressive behavior (e.g., through self - control, social learning).
• Option 3: There is evidence from twin studies, genetic research, etc., that genetics contribute to aggression. This is correct.
• Option 4: Research shows that watching violent TV shows does influence children's aggressive behavior, so this is wrong.

The concept of catharsis (the idea that releasing aggressive energy reduces aggression) has been studied empirically. The empirical support for it is mixed. Some studies show limited or no support, while some early studies suggested otherwise.

• Option 1: It has been tested empirically, so this is wrong.
• Option 2: "has a picture of mixed empirical support" is correct as different studies have given conflicting results about the effectiveness of catharsis in reducing aggression.
• Option 3: It has not found moderate support; the support is mixed, so this is wrong. (Assuming the third option is "has found moderate support in empirical research")

Answer:

A. Yes. A preference for youthful faces appears to be universal.

Question 54