Question

question 41
how did ideas from the enlightenment influence revolutions in america, france, and latin america?
protestant ideals made these revolutions about spreading christianity
revolutionaries fought believed that their social contract was broken by their king
government should remain concentrated under one central government
belief that society needed one absolute ruler to bring chaos to order
question 42
which of the following best summarizes the reign of terror?
militias loyal to the king raided the food stores in the countryside
using the goals of the revolution to justify extreme violence and oppression
austria and russia invaded france and sacked paris
cities were destroyed by a return of the black plague

Explanation:

• Question 41:
• The Enlightenment emphasized concepts like the Social Contract (e.g., Rousseau's ideas). Revolutionaries in America, France, and Latin America saw rulers (e.g., British monarchy over American colonies, French monarchy) as violating the social contract (not protecting the rights of the people). Protestant ideas (first option) are more related to the Reformation. Centralized government (third option) goes against Enlightenment ideas of checks - and - balances (e.g., Montesquieu's separation of powers). The belief in an absolute ruler (fourth option) is contrary to Enlightenment ideals that challenged absolute monarchy.
• Question 42:
• The Reign of Terror in France (1793 - 1794) was a period where the Committee of Public Safety, under Robespierre, used extreme violence (e.g., mass executions) in the name of the revolution (to protect the revolution from internal and external enemies). Militias loyal to the king (first option) were not the main force during the Reign of Terror. Austria and Russia invading (third option) was an external threat but not the essence of the Reign of Terror. The Black Plague (fourth option) was a historical epidemic (14th century) not related to the Reign of Terror.

Answer:

• Question 41: Revolutionaries fought believed that their Social Contract was broken by their king
• Question 42: Using the goals of the revolution to justify extreme violence and oppression