Question

question 32 (2 points)
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biological explanations for deviance have been criticized on methodological grounds,
most notably the age - old maxim that
a) case studies provide the richest source of information.
b) participant observation is preferable to naturalistic observation.
c) sample size determines replicability.
d) correlation does not imply causality.

Explanation:

Biological explanations for deviance often rely on correlational data (e.g., a correlation between a biological trait and deviant behavior). However, just because two things are correlated (e.g., a certain brain structure and criminal behavior), it does not mean that one causes the other. There could be other variables at play (e.g., environmental factors that influence both the biological trait and the behavior). This is a common methodological critique in social science research, especially in sociology (a sub - field of Social Science) when analyzing deviance. Options a, b, and c are not relevant to the main methodological critique of biological explanations for deviance.

Answer:

d) correlation does not imply causality.