Question

question 17 (2.5 points)
which organelle is correctly matched with its function?
vacuoles: production of atp from carbohydrates
rough er: synthesis of plasma membrane proteins
golgi bodies: synthesis of membrane phospholipids
mitochondria: capture of light for photosynthesis
smooth er: digestion of invading bacteria

Explanation:

• Vacuoles: Their main functions are storage (of water, nutrients, waste products etc.) and maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells. ATP production from carbohydrates occurs in mitochondria (through cellular respiration) or chloroplasts (in photosynthesis - related ATP production in some organisms).
• Rough ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum): It has ribosomes attached to its surface. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. Proteins synthesized on the rough ER can be plasma - membrane proteins (which are then transported via vesicles, modified in the Golgi, and targeted to the plasma membrane).
• Golgi bodies: Their main functions are modifying (e.g., glycosylation), sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids. The synthesis of membrane phospholipids mainly occurs in the smooth ER.
• Mitochondria: They are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration (not capturing light for photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light for photosynthesis).
• Smooth ER: It is involved in lipid synthesis (including phospholipid synthesis in some cases), detoxification (e.g., in liver cells), and calcium storage. The digestion of invading bacteria is mainly carried out by lysosomes (which contain hydrolytic enzymes).

Answer:

rough ER: synthesis of plasma membrane proteins