Question

question 12
bacteria were some of the first organisms to be genetically modified because they have a relatively small genome and reproduce quickly. all of the following are reasons to study and modify a bacterial cells genome for beneficial uses except
a to determine the genes that code for proteins such as those used to produce insulin in large amounts.
b to determine genes that code for toxins against other bacterial cells to make antibiotics from these toxins.
c to use bacteria cells as a vector to add genes that code for useful products.
d to modify bacteria into an infectious form that has the ability to mutate quickly.

question 13
some components of cells are listed.

1. cytoplasm
2. nucleus
3. chloroplasts
4. cell wall
5. cell membrane

which of the components could be observed using a microscope in a prepared slide of leaf epidermal cells, but not in a prepared slide of human cheek cells?
a components 1, 2, and 3 only
b components 2 and 3 only
c components 1 and 5 only
d components 3 and 4 only

Explanation:

Question 12

• Option a: Determining genes for insulin - beneficial for medical use.
• Option b: Genes for toxins to make antibiotics - beneficial for medical.
• Option c: Using bacteria as vectors for useful products - beneficial.
• Option d: Modifying bacteria into an infectious, quickly - mutating form is harmful, not a beneficial use.

• Human cheek cells (animal cells) have cytoplasm (1), nucleus (2), cell membrane (5).
• Leaf epidermal cells (plant cells) have cytoplasm (1), nucleus (2), cell membrane (5), cell wall (4). Chloroplasts (3) are not in epidermal cells (they are in mesophyll cells for photosynthesis). But cell wall (4) is present in plant cells (leaf epidermal) and absent in animal cells (human cheek).

Answer:

d

Question 13