Question

physical science
standard: hs - ps3 - 5, hs - ps2 - 5

1. which property of a wave determines how loud a sound is?

a) frequency
b) amplitude
c) wavelength
d) speed

1. the time it takes for one complete cycle of a wave to pass a point is called:

a) frequency
b) amplitude
c) period
d) wavelength

1. what type of wave is an ocean wave, where particles move both up and down and back and forth?

a) longitudinal wave
b) surface wave
c) transverse wave
d) standing wave
open - ended questions: answer the following questions in complete sentences.

1. describe the difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. give an example of each.
2. explain how increasing the amplitude of a wave affects the energy it carries.
3. if a wave has a wavelength of 200 nm and a frequency of 5 ghz, what is its speed? show your work.

Explanation:

• For question 3: The amplitude of a sound - wave determines its loudness. Larger amplitude means louder sound.
• For question 4: The time for one complete wave - cycle to pass a point is the period. Frequency is the number of cycles per second.
• For question 5: Ocean waves are surface waves where particles move in a circular motion (both up - down and back - forth).
• For open - ended question 1: In a transverse wave, particles move perpendicular to the wave's direction of propagation, e.g., a wave on a string. In a longitudinal wave, particles move parallel to the wave's direction of propagation, e.g., sound waves in air.
• For open - ended question 2: The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. So, increasing the amplitude increases the energy carried by the wave.
• For open - ended question 3: The speed of a wave is given by the formula $v = f\lambda$, where $f$ is frequency and $\lambda$ is wavelength. First, convert the units: $200\ nm=200\times10^{- 9}\ m$ and $5\ GHz = 5\times10^{9}\ Hz$. Then, $v=(5\times10^{9}\ Hz)\times(200\times10^{-9}\ m)=1000\ m/s$.

Answer:

1. B. Amplitude
2. C. Period
3. B. Surface wave
4. In a transverse wave, particles move perpendicular to the wave's direction, e.g., a wave on a string. In a longitudinal wave, particles move parallel to the wave's direction, e.g., sound waves in air.
5. The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude. Increasing amplitude increases the wave's energy.
6. The speed of the wave is $1000\ m/s$.