Question

part d

pluto, the dwarf planet, is 5.9 billion kilometers from the sun. explain how a model showing the gravitational pull on pluto would differ from your model of earths orbit.

Explanation:

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<reasoning>

Analyze the physical relationship

Using the Universal Law of Gravitation and Gravitational Force Factors knowledge points
\[
F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}
\]
The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance \(r\) and directly proportional to the masses.

Compare the parameters of Pluto and Earth

Using the Gravitational Force Factors knowledge point

• Distance: Pluto is much farther from the Sun (\(5.9 \times 10^9\text{ km}\)) than Earth (\(1.5 \times 10^8\text{ km}\)).
• Mass: Pluto has a much smaller mass than Earth.
• Result: The gravitational pull exerted by the Sun on Pluto is significantly weaker than that on Earth.

Describe the differences in the model

Using the Scientific Modeling knowledge point

• Vector Representation: In a visual model, the arrow representing the gravitational force vector acting on Pluto would be drawn much shorter than the arrow representing the gravitational force acting on Earth.
• Orbital Scale: The model would show Pluto orbiting at a much larger distance with a much slower orbital speed.

</reasoning>

<answer>
A model showing the gravitational pull on Pluto would differ from a model of Earth's orbit in the following ways:

1. Weaker Gravitational Force Vector: Because Pluto is much farther from the Sun (5.9 billion kilometers compared to Earth's 150 million kilometers) and has a much smaller mass, the gravitational attraction between the Sun and Pluto is significantly weaker. In a visual model, the arrow representing the gravitational force vector acting on Pluto would be drawn much shorter than the one for Earth.
2. Larger Orbital Scale and Slower Motion: The model would show Pluto orbiting at a much greater distance from the Sun, with a much longer orbital period and a slower orbital velocity.

</answer>

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Answer:

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<reasoning>

Analyze the physical relationship

Using the Universal Law of Gravitation and Gravitational Force Factors knowledge points
\[
F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}
\]
The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance \(r\) and directly proportional to the masses.

Compare the parameters of Pluto and Earth

Using the Gravitational Force Factors knowledge point

• Distance: Pluto is much farther from the Sun (\(5.9 \times 10^9\text{ km}\)) than Earth (\(1.5 \times 10^8\text{ km}\)).
• Mass: Pluto has a much smaller mass than Earth.
• Result: The gravitational pull exerted by the Sun on Pluto is significantly weaker than that on Earth.

Describe the differences in the model

Using the Scientific Modeling knowledge point

• Vector Representation: In a visual model, the arrow representing the gravitational force vector acting on Pluto would be drawn much shorter than the arrow representing the gravitational force acting on Earth.
• Orbital Scale: The model would show Pluto orbiting at a much larger distance with a much slower orbital speed.

</reasoning>

<answer>
A model showing the gravitational pull on Pluto would differ from a model of Earth's orbit in the following ways:

1. Weaker Gravitational Force Vector: Because Pluto is much farther from the Sun (5.9 billion kilometers compared to Earth's 150 million kilometers) and has a much smaller mass, the gravitational attraction between the Sun and Pluto is significantly weaker. In a visual model, the arrow representing the gravitational force vector acting on Pluto would be drawn much shorter than the one for Earth.
2. Larger Orbital Scale and Slower Motion: The model would show Pluto orbiting at a much greater distance from the Sun, with a much longer orbital period and a slower orbital velocity.

</answer>

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