Question

your options are: binary fission, budding, fragmentation, grafting, parthenogenesis, plant tissue culture, spores, vegetative reproduction

Explanation:

Ferns reproduce via spores. Spores are tiny reproductive units produced by ferns (and other plants like mosses, fungi) that can develop into new individuals. Binary fission is for prokaryotes, budding for yeast/hydra, fragmentation for some flatworms/fungi, grafting is artificial plant propagation, parthenogenesis is asexual in some animals, plant tissue culture is artificial, vegetative reproduction is via plant parts (like runners, bulbs) but ferns use spores.

Answer:

spores