Question

to one of the classic experiment using pea color, mendel conducted two genetic crosses. in the first cross the parent plants were white (w) or green (w) for seed color. the first cross produced all green pea plants. in the second cross, mendel bred plants from the first generation and the second cross produced different results: one of every four plants had green seeds.
what 1 (generation of all yellow peas. in the second cross, mendel bred plants from the first generation and the second cross produced different results: one of every four plants had green seeds.
from these two genetic crosses, mendel developed what hypotheses?
a an organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent
b for any trait, one inheritable factor may be dominant and mask the other factor.
c in any genetic cross, a sperm or egg carries only one inheritable factor for each trait in the offspring
d if inheritable factors come from parents, then there is only a chance that offspring will inherit those factors

imagine you are looking out at a field of sunflowers. 774 plants are tall (t) and 226 plants are short (t). based on mendel’s original work, what can you say about the genotype of the parents of the tall of flowers?

Explanation:

The problem is about Mendel's genetic experiments and hypotheses. The subfield of Natural Science that applies here is Biology (specifically Genetics). To determine which hypothesis Mendel developed, we analyze each option:

• Option A: States an organism inherits two genes for a trait, one from each parent. This aligns with Mendel's concept of factors (now called genes) being inherited from each parent.
• Option B: Talks about dominant and recessive factors masking, which is part of his work but the question is about the hypothesis from the cross experiments.
• Option C: Describes the segregation of factors into gametes, which is the law of segregation, but the first part of the question's experiment context (F1 to F2 cross) and the option A's description of inheritance from parents is more about the initial hypothesis of factor inheritance.
• Option D: Discusses the chance of inheriting factors, which is related but not the core hypothesis about the number of factors inherited from each parent.

So the correct hypothesis Mendel developed from his pea cross experiments (specifically the idea of inheriting two factors, one from each parent) is option A.

Answer:

A. An organism inherits two genes for any trait, one from each parent