Question

a nursing student is taking a pathophysiology examination. which of the following factors would the student correctly identify as contributing to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)? choose all that apply. overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange dry airways that obstruct airflow decreased numbers of goblet cells mucus secretions that block airways inflamed airways that obstruct airflow

Explanation:

1. Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange: In COPD, alveoli lose elasticity and overinflate (emphysema component), reducing gas exchange. Correct.
2. Dry airways that obstruct airflow: COPD airways are not dry; they have excess mucus. Incorrect.
3. Decreased numbers of goblet cells: Goblet cells increase in COPD to produce more mucus. Incorrect.
4. Mucus secretions that block airways: Excess mucus production (from increased goblet cells) blocks airways in COPD. Correct.
5. Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow: Chronic inflammation of airways (bronchitis component) narrows them, obstructing airflow. Correct.

Answer:

• Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange
• Mucus secretions that block airways
• Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow