Question

name:
read this a mutation is a change in an organisms genetic code- either in the dna or rna of the cell. a point mutation occurs when a single nitrogen base is changed - either added, deleted or switched. we know that the order of the nitrogen bases codes for the proteins that make our traits. this means - incorrect code - incorrect protein - incorrect trait.
there are three types of point mutations:

• substitution- when one letter is switched to another. like turning the \beast\ into \fleast\ by switching the b for f.

dna example: aat ggc mutates to aac ggc.

• deletion- when one letter is removed- like turning \blast\ into \last\ by taking the b out.

dna example: aat ggc mutates to aag gc (the t in the first codon was removed causing the other letters to move).

• insertion/addition- when one letter is added in. like turning \beast\ into \bqeast\ by adding a q in the middle.

dna example: aat ggc mutates to aac tgg c (the letter c was added in at the end of the first codon causing all of the other letters to move down).
part 1:

1. look at the rna strands provided. note: each rna has an \original\ strand on top and a \mutated\ rna strand on bottom.
2. decide which of the strands show a substitution mutation, insertion mutation, deletion mutation and write your answers below.
3. give one piece of evidence that supports the type of mutation you chose

charts of rna 1 - 4 with original and mutated strands, and a table for rna strip, type of mutation, and evidence to support your answer

Explanation:

1. For RNA 1: Compare the original (A U C U C C G C A U A G) and mutated (A C U C C G C A U A G). The second nucleotide 'U' is switched to 'C', which is a substitution as per the definition (one - letter switch).
2. For RNA 2: Original (C A G A G G C G U A U C) and mutated (C A G A G G C G A A U C). The ninth nucleotide 'U' is changed to 'A', which is a substitution (one - letter switch).
3. For RNA 3: Original (U U C G G U G U C U A A) and mutated (U U C G G U A G U C U A A). A 'A' is inserted between the sixth (U) and seventh (G) nucleotides (causing a shift in the subsequent nucleotides), which is an insertion as per the definition (one - letter addition).
4. For RNA 4: Original (C A G A G G C G U A U C) and mutated (C A G A G G G G U A U C). The seventh nucleotide 'C' is changed to 'G', which is a substitution (one - letter switch).

Answer:

RNA STRIP	TYPE OF MUTATION (CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER)	EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT YOUR ANSWER
2	SUBSTITUTION	The ninth nucleotide 'U' is changed to 'A'
3	INSERTION	A 'A' is inserted between the sixth (U) and seventh (G) nucleotides
4	SUBSTITUTION	The seventh nucleotide 'C' is changed to 'G'