Question

name: ______
living env prep
score (deadline: for every 4 correct, you will get +1 for (mondays
date: ______
period: ______
notes: wont be turned in by teams. 1/19/2023
directions: write the vocabulary words from the word bank (next to the sentences) that correspond to its.
word bank:
adenine (a) amino acid cytosine (c) deletion dna gene
guanine (g) inversion insertion mrna (messenger rna) mutation
protein ribosome substitution thymine (t) uracil (u)
______ a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living things. it determines traits.
______ a type of rna that copies the genetic code from dna and carries it to the ribosome.
______ a section of dna that contains instructions to make a specific protein.
______ a molecule made of amino acids that performs most of the functions in a cell, such as building structures and carrying out chemical reactions.
______ the building blocks that link together to form proteins.
______ the cell structure where proteins are made using the instructions carried by mrna.
______ a nitrogen base found in dna and rna that pairs with guanine.
______ a nitrogen base found in dna and rna that pairs with cytosine.
______ a nitrogen base found in dna and rna; in dna it pairs with thymine and in rna it pairs with uracil.
______ a nitrogen base found only in dna; it pairs with adenine.
______ a nitrogen base found only in rna; it replaces thymine and pairs with adenine.
______ a change in the dna sequence that can alter a gene or protein.
______ a mutation where one or more dna bases are removed.
______ a mutation where one dna base is replaced with another.
______ a mutation where a section of dna flips and reattaches in the opposite direction.
______ a mutation where one or more extra dna bases are added.

Explanation:

This problem involves matching vocabulary related to DNA, RNA, proteins, and mutations, which falls under the subfield of Biology (Natural Science). We analyze each definition and match it to the correct term:

1. A molecule carrying genetic instructions for all living things: DNA (matches the definition of DNA's role).
2. A type of RNA carrying genetic code from DNA to ribosome: mRNA (messenger RNA) (definition of mRNA).
3. A section of DNA with instructions to make a specific protein: Gene (definition of a gene).
4. A molecule of amino acids performing cell functions: Protein (definition of a protein).
5. Building blocks of proteins: Amino Acids (amino acids are the monomers of proteins).
6. Cell structure where proteins are made (using mRNA instructions): Ribosome (ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis).
7. Nitrogen base in DNA/RNA pairing with guanine: Cytosine (C) (C pairs with G in base - pairing).
8. Nitrogen base in DNA/RNA pairing with cytosine: Guanine (G) (G pairs with C).
9. Nitrogen base in DNA/RNA (pairs with thymine in DNA, uracil in RNA): Adenine (A) (A pairs with T in DNA and U in RNA).
10. Nitrogen base only in DNA, pairing with adenine: Thymine (T) (T is unique to DNA and pairs with A).
11. Nitrogen base only in RNA, replacing thymine and pairing with adenine: Uracil (U) (U is unique to RNA and pairs with A).
12. A change in DNA sequence altering gene/protein: Mutation (definition of a mutation).
13. Mutation with one or more DNA bases removed: Deletion (definition of deletion mutation).
14. Mutation with one DNA base replaced: Substitution (definition of substitution mutation).
15. Mutation with a DNA section flipped and reattached: Inversion (definition of inversion mutation).
16. Mutation with one or more extra DNA bases added: Insertion (definition of insertion mutation).

Answer:

1. DNA
2. mRNA (messenger RNA)
3. Gene
4. Protein
5. Amino Acids
6. Ribosome
7. Cytosine (C)
8. Guanine (G)
9. Adenine (A)
10. Thymine (T)
11. Uracil (U)
12. Mutation
13. Deletion
14. Substitution
15. Inversion
16. Insertion