Question

4
multiple choice 4 points
what is the term for a symbiotic interaction where one species benefits, while the other remains
unaffected?
parasitism
commensalism
mutualism
5
multiple choice 4 points
which of the following is an example of a secondary pollutant?
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
ground - level ozone
oxygen
6
multiple choice 4 points
what are biogeochemical cycles?
processes that describe the movement of energy in ecosystems
processes that control earths climate
processes by which living organisms convert sunlight into energy
processes that describe the cycling of nutrients through living and non - living components of
ecosystems

Explanation:

• Question 4:
• Parasitism is when one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of another (host).
• Commensalism is where one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
• Mutualism is a win - win situation where both species benefit.
• Question 5:
• Nitrogen (\(N_2\)) is a major component of the atmosphere and not a pollutant in the context of secondary pollutants.
• Carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) is a primary greenhouse gas (a primary pollutant in some contexts related to climate change, but not a secondary pollutant in the traditional air - pollution secondary pollutant sense).
• Ground - level ozone (\(O_3\)) is formed when primary pollutants (like volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides) react in the presence of sunlight. So, it is a secondary pollutant.
• Oxygen (\(O_2\)) is essential for life and not a pollutant.
• Question 6:
• Biogeochemical cycles are about the cycling of nutrients (such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus). Energy flow in ecosystems is a different concept (e.g., described by the laws of thermodynamics in an ecosystem context).
• While biogeochemical cycles can influence climate (e.g., the carbon cycle), their main definition is about nutrient cycling.
• Converting sunlight into energy is mainly about photosynthesis (for producers like plants). Biogeochemical cycles are about the movement of elements like C, N, P etc. through living (biotic) and non - living (abiotic) components of ecosystems.

Answer:

1. B. commensalism
2. C. Ground - level ozone
3. D. Processes that describe the cycling of nutrients through living and non - living components of ecosystems