Question

for much of the twentieth century, anthropologists treated biological descent as the ____ kinship, assuming genealogical ties formed a universal basis for family structure. in a critique of the study of kinship (1984), however, david schneider challenged this view, demonstrating that what counts as family is shaped by cultural symbols rather than by biology.

4 ◇ mark for review
which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?
a justification for
b criteria for
c explanation for
d evidence for

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze the context. The anthropologists assumed genealogical (biological) ties were the basis for defining kinship. "criteria for" means the standards by which kinship is determined. "justification for" implies a reason to support, "explanation for" is a reason why, and "evidence for" is proof. Here, biological descent is the standard (criteria) for kinship. So the correct choice is B.

Answer:

B. criteria for