Question

macromolecules worksheet
name
part a. classify each as a carbohydrate, protein, lipid or nucleic acid

1. ______ starch
2. ______ cholesterol
3. ______ steroid
4. ______ glycogen
5. ______ nucleotide
6. ______ rna
7. ______ polypeptide chain
8. ______ glucose
9. ______ unsaturated fatty acid
10. ______ polysaccharide
11. ______ phospholipid
12. ______ glycerol
13. ______ monosaccharide
14. ______ cellulose
15. ______ amino acid
16. ______ enzyme
17. ______ saturated fat
18. ______ dna

part b. identify the specific molecule (use the above terms) from each description. some terms may be used more than once.

1. ______ provides long - term energy storage for animals
2. ______ instructions for building proteins
3. ______ provides immediate energy
4. ______ sex hormones
5. ______ provides short - term energy storage for plants
6. ______ animal and plant structures
7. ______ forms the cell membrane of all cells
8. ______ speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
9. ______ one sugar
10. ______ cells convert this into atp
11. ______ monomer of proteins
12. ______ provides long - term energy storage for plants
13. ______ genetic material
14. ______ steroid that makes up part of the cell membranes
15. ______ 3 - carbon “backbone” of a fat
16. ______ provides short - term energy storage for animals
17. ______ many sugars
18. ______ monomer of nucleic acids
19. ______ forms the cell wall of plant cells
20. ______ another name for protein

Answer:

Part A (Classification)

1. Starch: Carbohydrate (starch is a polysaccharide, a type of carbohydrate)
2. Cholesterol: Lipid (cholesterol is a steroid, a type of lipid)
3. Steroid: Lipid (steroids are a class of lipids)
4. Glycogen: Carbohydrate (glycogen is a polysaccharide, a storage carbohydrate in animals)
5. Nucleotide: Nucleic Acid (nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids)
6. RNA: Nucleic Acid (RNA is a type of nucleic acid)
7. Polypeptide Chain: Protein (polypeptide chains are the building blocks of proteins)
8. Glucose: Carbohydrate (glucose is a monosaccharide, a simple carbohydrate)
9. Unsaturated Fatty Acid: Lipid (fatty acids are components of lipids)
10. Polysaccharide: Carbohydrate (polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates)
11. Phospholipid: Lipid (phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes and are lipids)
12. Glycerol: Lipid (glycerol is a component of triglycerides, a type of lipid)
13. Monosaccharide: Carbohydrate (monosaccharides are simple sugars, a type of carbohydrate)
14. Cellulose: Carbohydrate (cellulose is a polysaccharide, a structural carbohydrate in plants)
15. Amino Acid: Protein (amino acids are the monomers of proteins)
16. Enzyme: Protein (most enzymes are proteins)
17. Saturated Fat: Lipid (saturated fats are a type of lipid)
18. DNA: Nucleic Acid (DNA is a type of nucleic acid)

Part B (Identifying Molecules)

1. Provides long - term energy storage for animals: Glycogen (Glycogen is the storage carbohydrate in animals for long - term energy)
2. Instructions for building proteins: RNA (RNA, specifically mRNA, carries the instructions for protein synthesis)
3. Provides immediate energy: Glucose (Glucose is used directly by cells for immediate energy)
4. Sex hormones: Steroid (Sex hormones are a type of steroid, which is a lipid)
5. Provides short - term energy storage for plants: Starch (Starch is the short - term energy storage carbohydrate in plants)
6. Animal and plant structures: Protein (Many structural components of cells and organisms are proteins, and also cellulose (a carbohydrate) for plant cell walls, but protein is more general for both animal and plant structures at the molecular level of macromolecules in the context of this worksheet)
7. Forms the cell membrane of all cells: Phospholipid (Phospholipids are the main component of the cell membrane bilayer)
8. Speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy: Enzyme (Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up reactions)
9. One sugar: Monosaccharide (Monosaccharides are single - sugar molecules)
10. Cells convert this into ATP: Glucose (Cells break down glucose through cellular respiration to produce ATP)
11. Monomer of proteins: Amino Acid (Amino acids are linked together to form proteins)
12. Provides long - term energy storage for plants: Starch (Starch is stored in plants for long - term energy)
13. Genetic material: DNA (DNA is the genetic material in most organisms)
14. Steroid that makes up part of the cell membranes: Cholesterol (Cholesterol is a steroid that is a component of cell membranes)
15. 3 - carbon “backbone” of a fat: Glycerol (Triglycerides have a glycerol (3 - carbon) backbone with fatty acid chains attached)
16. Provides short - term energy storage for animals: Glycogen (Glycogen is used for short - term energy storage in animals)
17. Many sugars: Polysaccharide (Polysaccharides are made up of many monosaccharide units)
18. Monomer of nucleic acids: Nucleotide (Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids)
19. Forms the cell wall of plant cells: Cellulose (Cellulose is the main component of the plant cell wall)
20. Another name for protein: Polypeptide Chain (A protein is made up of one or more polypeptide chains)