Question

list the function and indicating what type of cell each organell can be found in (write yes or no). a comparison of cells mitochondria plastids lysosomes peroxisomes ser rer golgi apparatus vacuoles vesicle cytoskeleton centrioles

Explanation:

• Mitochondria:
• Function: Powerhouse of the cell, generates ATP through cellular respiration.
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no - they lack membrane - bound organelles). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (yes).
• Plastids:
• Function: Involved in photosynthesis (e.g., chloroplasts) and storage (e.g., amyloplasts).
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (no). Plant cells (yes).
• Lysosomes:
• Function: Contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (no - plant cells have vacuoles that can perform some similar functions but not true lysosomes in the same sense as animal cells).
• Peroxisomes:
• Function: Involved in lipid metabolism and the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (yes).
• SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum):
• Function: Lipid synthesis, detoxification (in liver cells).
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (yes).
• RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum):
• Function: Protein synthesis (due to attached ribosomes).
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (yes).
• Golgi apparatus:
• Function: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (yes).
• Vacuoles:
• Function: Storage (e.g., water, nutrients, waste). In plant cells, the central vacuole also provides turgor pressure.
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (small, temporary vacuoles - can write no in a general sense compared to plant cells). Plant cells (yes - large central vacuole).
• Vesicle:
• Function: Transport of materials within the cell (e.g., between organelles like from RER to Golgi).
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no - in the membrane - bound organelle sense). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (yes).
• Cytoskeleton:
• Function: Provides structural support, helps in cell movement, and intracellular transport.
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (have a primitive cytoskeleton - but in the context of this table, if we consider the complex eukaryotic - like cytoskeleton with microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments, then no). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (yes).
• Centrioles:
• Function: Involved in cell division (formation of spindle fibers in animal cells).
• Presence: Prokaryotic cells (no). Animal cells (yes). Plant cells (no - most plant cells lack centrioles, although some lower - plant cells may have centriole - like structures).

Answer:

Organelle	Function	Prokaryotic Cells	Animal Cells	Plant Cells
Plastids	Photosynthesis and storage	no	no	yes
Lysosomes	Digest waste and debris	no	yes	no
Peroxisomes	Lipid metabolism and H₂O₂ breakdown	no	yes	yes
SER	Lipid synthesis and detoxification	no	yes	yes
RER	Protein synthesis	no	yes	yes
Golgi apparatus	Modify, sort, and package proteins/lipids	no	yes	yes
Vacuoles	Storage (turgor in plants)	no	no (compared to plant vacuoles)	yes
Vesicle	Intracellular transport	no	yes	yes
Cytoskeleton	Structural support and transport	no (complex eukaryotic - like)	yes	yes
Centrioles	Cell division (spindle formation)	no	yes	no