Question

lichens and mosses, followed by grasses and shrubs, slowly take root on a newly formed volcanic island. eventually the grasses and shrubs are replaced by pine trees, which remain as a stable community. what is the role of pine trees in the island ecosystem?

a. climax community

b. pioneer community

c. intermediate community

Explanation:

Ecological succession describes community changes on new land. Pioneer species (lichens/mosses) first colonize, followed by intermediate stages (grasses/shrubs). A climax community is the stable, final stage that persists. Pine trees here are the stable final community.

Answer:

A. climax community