lesson quiz 6-3
directions: multiple choice indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
1. whom did democratic-republicans believe should run the federal government?
a. white male citizens
b. educated white male citizens
c. all educated citizens
d. all white citizens
2. as president, thomas jefferson carried out his idea of strengthening the nation by
a. appointing many judges to the nation’s courts.
b. finding funds to build up the nation’s military forces.
c. hiring hundreds of people to work in the federal government.
d. reducing the amount of taxes the federal government collected.
3. which of the following led directly to the passage of the alien and sedition acts in 1798?
a. president adams’s postponment of negotiations regarding a dispute with france
b. native americans’ demand of payment for lands in the northwest territory
c. citizens’ anger over foreign attempts to influence the american government
d. armed mobs in pennsylvania attacking tax collectors and burning buildings
4. the virginia and kentucky resolutions
a. supported a strong national government
b. opposed the principle of states’ rights.
c. claimed states could nullify federal laws.
d. supported increased tarrifs.
5. which statement about the election of 1800 is accurate?
a. americans supported federalist ideals.
b. personal attacks are improper in a campaign.
c. direct campaigning is effective.
d. the electoral college system needed changing.
6. how did president jefferson try to prevent federalist judges from gaining too much power?
a. by choosing hundreds of judges to replace those appointed by the adams administration
b. by making the secretary of state deliver commissions withheld by the adams administration
c. by asking the supreme court if presidential appointments to the courts were constitutional
d. by preventing people appointed as judges by the adams administration from receiving
their commissions
directions: short answer answer the following question in 1–2 paragraphs.
7. describe the circumstances that led to the supreme court hearing the marbury v. madison case.
what important precedents did this supreme court ruling establish?
8. what was the xyz affair? how did it contribute to the passage of the alien and sedition acts?

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
Democratic - Republicans believed in a more agrarian - based society and thought that white male citizens should run the federal government. Option A is correct as they didn't have the additional requirements of being educated as in option B, and they didn't include all educated citizens (C) or all white citizens (D) in the same way.
# Answer:
A. white male citizens

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Thomas Jefferson, as a Republican, believed in a smaller federal government. Reducing taxes (option D) was part of his plan to strengthen the nation by reducing the burden on citizens and promoting economic growth. Appointing many judges (A) was more of a Federalist - like action, building up the military (B) and hiring many in the federal government (C) went against his small - government ideals.
# Answer:
D. reducing the amount of taxes the federal government collected.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed due to citizens' anger over foreign attempts to influence the American government (like French attempts during the quasi - war). Option C is correct. Adams' postponement of negotiations (A) was not the direct cause, Native Americans' land demands (B) were unrelated, and the Pennsylvania tax protests (D) were about domestic taxes, not foreign influence.
# Answer:
C. citizens' anger over foreign attempts to influence the American government

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, written by Madison and Jefferson, claimed that states could nullify federal laws that they deemed unconstitutional. They supported states' rights (so A and B are wrong) and were against increased tariffs (D is wrong). So option C is correct.
# Answer:
C. claimed states could nullify federal laws.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
In the election of 1800, the Electoral College system had a flaw as there was a tie between Jefferson and Burr. This showed that the Electoral College system needed changing (option D). Americans were moving away from Federalist ideals (A is wrong), personal attacks were common in the campaign (B is wrong), and direct campaigning wasn't a main factor (C is wrong).
# Answer:
D. The Electoral College system needed changing.

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Jefferson tried to prevent Federalist judges from gaining too much power by preventing people appointed as judges by the Adams administration from receiving their commissions (option D). He didn't choose hundreds of judges to replace them (A), making the secretary deliver commissions (B) would have given the judges power, and asking the Supreme Court about constitutionality (C) was not his method.
# Answer:
D. by preventing people appointed as judges by the Adams administration from receiving their commissions

### Question 7
# Brief Explanations:
**Circumstances for Marbury v. Madison**: After the 1800 election, John Adams (a Federalist) appointed many judges in the last days of his presidency. William Marbury was one of these “midnight judges” but didn't receive his commission. When Jefferson took office, his secretary of state, James Madison, withheld the commissions. Marbury sued Madison to get his commission, using the Judiciary Act of 1789 which gave the Supreme Court the power to issue writs of mandamus (orders to government officials to perform their duties).

**Precedents Established**: The Supreme Court, in its ruling, established the principle of judicial review. This means that the Supreme Court has the power to declare acts of Congress (in this case, part of the Judiciary Act of 1789) unconstitutional. It also established the Court's role as the final interpreter of the Constitution.

### Question 8
# Brief Explanations:
**XYZ Affair**: In the late 1790s, the United States tried to negotiate with France to resolve issues related to French seizures of American ships. Three French agents (referred to as X, Y, and Z) demanded a large bribe and a loan for France before they would start negotiations. This enraged the American public and led to a period of anti - French sentiment in the US.

**Contribution to Alien and Sedition Acts**: The XYZ Affair created a climate of fear and anger towards foreigners (especially French - aligned individuals) in the United States. The Federalist - controlled government used this sentiment to pass the Alien and Sedition Acts. The Alien Acts were aimed at restricting the rights of immigrants (who were seen as potentially pro - French), and the Sedition Act was used to silence critics of the Federalist government, many of whom were seen as sympathetic to France.

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