Question

the instructor is discussing adverse effects associated with nasal decongestants. what is an effect of excessive use of these products when administered correctly?

rash
diarrhea
rebound nasal congestion
headache

Explanation:

Analyze the physiological mechanism of topical nasal decongestants

Topical nasal decongestants (such as oxymetazoline or phenylephrine) act as sympathomimetic agents, stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of nasal blood vessels. This stimulation causes vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow and swelling in the nasal passages, temporarily relieving congestion.

Evaluate the consequences of excessive or prolonged use

When these medications are used excessively or for more than 3 to 5 consecutive days, the nasal mucosa adapts to the constant vasoconstriction. Downregulation of adrenergic receptors and local ischemia lead to a compensatory vasodilation when the drug wears off. This results in severe, worsening congestion known as rebound nasal congestion (or rhinitis medicamentosa).

Compare the given multiple-choice options

• Rash: This is typically an allergic reaction or systemic side effect, not a direct local consequence of excessive nasal decongestant use.
• Diarrhea: This is a gastrointestinal symptom unrelated to the localized action of topical nasal sprays.
• Rebound nasal congestion: This directly matches the classic adverse effect of excessive topical decongestant use (rhinitis medicamentosa).
• Headache: While systemic absorption can occasionally cause mild headaches due to elevated blood pressure, the hallmark, direct local effect of excessive use is rebound congestion.

Answer:

• (A) Rash
• (B) Diarrhea
• (C) Rebound nasal congestion (Correct answer)
• (D) Headache