Question

informational reading comprehension: physics at play! roller coasters keep going! answer the following questions about \physics at play: roller coasters.\ 5. what similar effect do friction and air resistance have on a roller coasters energy? 6. part a. why must the first hill of a roller coaster be the tallest hill of the ride? a. so that friction and air resistance do not reduce the coasters energy b. so the roller coaster has enough energy left to climb other hills later in the ride c. so the force of gravity can turn the kinetic energy into potential energy d. so the roller coaster can use all of its energy before the loop - the - loops and other hills part b. cite evidence from the text that supports your explanation. 7. what is the most likely reason the author chose to include the section a smooth operation? a. to suggest that safety is the top priority for roller coaster engineers b. to advocate for more research and safety standards in roller coaster design c. to provide examples of how many engineers control a roller coaster ride d. to educate about the role that science plays in the design process 8. summarize the information in the last section of the passage, a smooth operation.

Explanation:

1. Friction and air - resistance are non - conservative forces. They both dissipate the roller coaster's mechanical energy as heat, reducing its total energy.
2. Part A: The first hill is the tallest so that the roller coaster has enough gravitational potential energy at the start to overcome friction and air - resistance and still have enough energy left to climb other hills later. So the answer is b.

Part B: Evidence could be statements in the text about energy conservation and the need for an initial high - energy state to complete the ride.

1. The section "A Smooth Operation" likely aims to educate about the role of science in the design process. So the answer is d.
2. Without the actual text of the section, a general summary would involve how scientific principles are used to ensure the roller coaster operates smoothly, such as control mechanisms, energy management, and safety features related to its design.

Answer:

1. They both dissipate the roller coaster's mechanical energy as heat, reducing its total energy.
2. Part A: b. so the roller coaster has enough energy left to climb other hills later in the ride

Part B: Evidence from text about energy conservation and initial high - energy state.

1. d. to educate about the role that science plays in the design process
2. General summary about how scientific principles ensure smooth operation, including control, energy management, and safety features.