Question

identifying geologic processes used in relative dating
geologists use tools other than the law of superposition to help them with relative dating. which statements describe those tools? check all that apply.
□ an unconformity is created when lava pours out on earths surface.
□ faults are the result of volcanic activity.
□ intrusions and extrusions are sedimentary formations.
□ cross - cutting features are always younger than the surrounding rock.
□ when material erodes before sediment is deposited on it, a geologic gap results.

Explanation:

• Cross - cutting features: According to the principle of cross - cutting relationships in geology, cross - cutting features (such as faults, intrusions) are younger than the rocks they cut through.
• Geologic gap (unconformity): When material erodes before new sediment is deposited, it creates an unconformity (a geologic gap). This is a key concept in relative dating as it shows a break in the geologic record.

• Unconformity: Unconformities are not just created by lava pours. They are breaks in the geologic record due to erosion and non - deposition.
• Faults: Faults are usually the result of tectonic forces (stresses in the Earth's crust) rather than volcanic activity.
• Intrusions and extrusions: Intrusions (formed from magma that cools below the Earth's surface) and extrusions (formed from lava that cools on the Earth's surface) are igneous formations, not sedimentary.

Answer:

Cross - cutting features are always younger than the surrounding rock. When material erodes before sediment is deposited on it, a geologic gap results.