Question

identify a true statement about agrarian societies.
a. agrarian societies are characterized by public ownership of property.
b. in agrarian societies, gender inequality and male dominance become institutionalized.
c. in agrarian societies, subsistence is primarily based on hunting.
d. agrarian societies are based on a matriarchal system.

according to sociologists, which of the following is most important in defining what females and males are, what they should do, and what sorts of relations do or should exist between them?
a. objective standards set by different sociological perspectives
b. biological differences between women and men
c. cognitive and behavioral factors
d. social and cultural processes

according to symbolic interactionists, when individuals meet someone who does not conform to their existing stereotype, they frequently ______.
a. abandon the stereotype and accept the person for who he or she is
b. modify some aspects of the stereotype they hold
c. ignore any behavior that contradicts the stereotype
d. ignore the person completely

Explanation:

First Question (Agrarian Societies)

• Option a: Agrarian societies often have private property, not public ownership, so a is false.
• Option b: In agrarian societies, gender inequality (male dominance) becomes institutionalized due to division of labor (e.g., men in agriculture, women in domestic roles), so b is true.
• Option c: Agrarian societies are based on agriculture, not hunting (hunting is for hunter - gatherer societies), so c is false.
• Option d: Agrarian societies are typically patriarchal, not matriarchal, so d is false.

• Option a: Sociologists don't view "objective standards" from perspectives as primary for gender definition; gender is socially constructed.
• Option b: Biological differences are not the main factor in defining gender roles and relations; social factors matter more.
• Option c: Cognitive and behavioral factors are not the primary in defining gender - related aspects; social - cultural processes are key.
• Option d: Sociologists emphasize that social and cultural processes (like norms, values, socialization) define gender roles, identities, and relations.

• Option a: Symbolic interactionists don't say individuals abandon stereotypes easily when meeting non - conforming people.
• Option b: They don't typically modify aspects of the stereotype; instead, they ignore contradictory behavior.
• Option c: According to symbolic interactionists, when a person doesn't conform to a stereotype, individuals often ignore the contradictory behavior to maintain their stereotype.
• Option d: They don't ignore the person completely; they ignore the contradictory behavior.

Answer:

b. In agrarian societies, gender inequality and male dominance become institutionalized.

Second Question (Defining Gender)