Question

a hypothesis is an educated guess written in way that allows us to test whether it is true or not, in a form called if-then. in galileo’s experiment, his hypothesis was that if gravity is a constant force, then two cannonballs of different weights will still fall at the same rate. scientists test a hypothesis by conducting a controlled experiment. in a controlled experiment, the scientist studies a single factor. he or she tests this one factor by using a control, a pair of tests is carried out, and only one factor is changed between them. in a control, the only thing different between them is called the variable. the only the two tests is the variable. in galileo’s case, the two cannonballs were the same. the only variable factor was the weight. which of the following is an example of a hypothesis? a a controlled test of gravity’s effect on objects b i know i won’t get a completion grade unless i finish my homework. c the variable factor of weight in galileo’s experiment d if teeth are exposed to sugar, then they will get cavities.

Explanation:

A hypothesis is an "if - then" educated guess. Let's analyze each option:

• Option A: "a controlled test of gravity’s effect on objects" describes an experiment, not a hypothesis. An experiment is used to test a hypothesis, not the hypothesis itself.
• Option B: "I know I won’t get a completion grade unless I finish my homework" is a statement of fact or a personal belief based on school rules, not an "if - then" hypothesis about a scientific or testable relationship.
• Option C: "the variable factor of weight in Galileo’s experiment" is a description of a part of an experiment (the variable), not a hypothesis.
• Option D: "If teeth are exposed to sugar, then they will get cavities" is in the "if - then" form of a hypothesis. It is an educated guess about the relationship between teeth being exposed to sugar (the independent variable) and getting cavities (the dependent variable), which can be tested.

Answer:

D. If teeth are exposed to sugar, then they will get cavities.